Bonus (40 quiz points): identify the type of ship above; obviously it is related to the literature we are reading. e-mail before class or put on desk, as usual.In class: we are looking at the first of three 17th century journals with the objective of understanding the relationships between the English settlers and the indiginous peoples. You will note that depending upon the purpose of the settlement, the interactions between the two groups of people will vary. This will impact both sides.
Step I: Defining any unfamilar words. (if you have looked at the blog, you haved saved time) NOTE: there will be a vocabulary quiz Monday on these words- simple matching.
1.conjurations- (noun) calling or invoking a sacred name
2. coronet- (noun) crown
3. invocation (noun) calling upon a deity for aid or inspiration
4. environed (verb) to form a circle or ring around
5, mutachatos (noun) archaic word meaning knife-like strokes
6. oration (noun) a formal public speech
7. trencher (noun) a rectangular, flat piece of wood to serve meat
8. courtier (noun) a person in attendance at the court of the king
9. barbarous (adjective) uncivilized, wild, savage
10. consultation (noun) a meeting to evaluate a situation
11. doleful (adjective) sorrowful, mournful
12. grindstone (noun) a large round stone used for shaping and grinding
13. to esteem (verb) to regard highly or favorably (archaic- to evaluate)
14. to mollify (verb) to soften in feeling, to appease
15. demicuverings (noun) 17th century firearm
16. combustion (noun) the act of burning; a tumult or violent excitement
Step II. Reflect upon for class discussion:
1. In general how are the Indians portrayed?
The Baptism of Pocahontas by John Gastby Chapman
This is in the Capital Rotonda painted 1839
2. How has the story of John Smith's capture been portrayed through British and American accounts?
Step III: Looking at the text. dialectical journal
Class handout. Each student is to review the "history of Jamestown" text and respond with five examples as follows.
Dialectical Journal_____________________________________________________
Source:
Part 1: Select quotes or pieces of text from the source provided…
® Look for quotes from the text that seem significant or powerful
Part 2:Respond with comments, connections, questions, and predictions…
® Why is this important?
® What questions do I have about this?
® How does this connect to what I know or have experienced?
® Do I agree or disagree with this?
HOMEWORK: For Monday read Plymouth Plantation; for Tuesday read The Westover Manuscript
see copies below:
Plymouth Plantation
Journal of the beginning and proceedings
of the English Plantation settled at Plymouth in NEW
ENGLAND, by certain English Adventurers both
Merchants and others.
With their difficult passage, their safe arrival, their
joyful building of, and comfortable planting themselves
in the now well defended town
of NEW PLYMOUTH.
Having undertaken for the glory of God, and advancement of the Christian faith,
and honor of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern
parts of Virginia, do by these presents solemnly and mutually in the presence of God and
one of another, covenant, and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic, for our
better ordering and preservation, and furtherance of the ends aforesaid; and by virtue
hereof to enact, constitute, and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts,
constitutions, offices from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for
the general good of the colony: unto which we promise all due submission and
obedience. In witness whereof we have hereunder subscribed our names Cape Cod 11 of
November, in the year of the reign of our sovereign Lord King James, of England,
France, and Ireland 18 and of Scotland 54. Anno Domini 1620.
About midnight we heard a great and hideous cry, and our sentinels called, Arm, Arm. So we bestirred
ourselves and shot off a couple of muskets, and noise ceased; we concluded, that it was a
company of wolves or foxes, for one told us, he had heard such a noise in Newfoundland.
About five o'clock in the morning we began to be stirring, and two or three which
doubted whether their pieces would go off or no made trial of them, and shot them off,
but thought nothing at all, after prayer we prepared ourselves for breakfast, and for a
journey, and it being now the twilight in the morning, it was thought meet to carry the
things down to the shallop: some said, it was not best to carry the armor down, others
said, they would be readier, two or three said, they would not carry theirs, till they went
themselves, but mistrusting nothing at all: as it fell out, the water not being high enough,
they laid the things down upon the shore, and came up to breakfast. Anon, all upon a
sudden, we heard a great and strange cry, which we knew to be the same voices, though
they varied their notes, one of our company being abroad came running in and cried,
They are men, Indians, Indians; and withal, their arrows came flying amongst us, our
men ran out with all speed to recover their arms, as by the good providence of God they
did. In the meantime, Captain Myles Standish, having a snaphance ready, made a shot,
and after him another, after they two had shot, other two of us were ready, but he wished
us not to shoot, till we could take aim, for we knew not what need we should have, and
there were four only of us, which had their arms there ready, and stood before the open
side of our barricade, which was first assaulted, they thought it best to defend it, lest the
enemy should take it and our stuff, and so have the more vantage against us, our care was
no less for the shallop, but we hoped all the rest would defend it; we called unto them to
know how it was with them, and they answered, Well, Well every one, and be of good
courage : we heard three of their pieces go off, and the rest called for a firebrand to light
their matches, one took a log out of the fire on his shoulder and went and carried it unto
them, which was thought did not a little discourage our enemies. The cry of our enemies
was dreadful, especially, when our men ran out to recover their arms, their note was after
this manner, Woath woach ha ha hach woach: our men were no sooner come to their
arms, but the enemy was ready to assault them.
There was a lusty man and no whit less valiant, who was thought to be their
captain, stood behind a tree within half a musket shot of us, and there let his arrows fly at
us; he was seen to shoot three arrows, which were all avoided, for he at whom the first
arrow was aimed, saw it, and stooped down and it flew over him, the rest were avoided
also: he stood three shots of a musket, at length one took as he said full aim at him, after
which he gave an extraordinary cry and away they went all, we followed them about a
quarter of a mile, but we left six to keep our shallop, for we were careful about our
business: then we shouted all together two several times, and shot off a couple of muskets
and so returned: this we did that they might see we were not afraid of them nor
discouraged. Thus it pleased God to vanquish our enemies and give us deliverance, by
their noise we could not guess that they were less than thirty or forty, though some
thought that they were many more yet in the dark of the morning, we could not so well
discern them among the trees, as they could see us by our fireside, we took up 18 of their
arrows which we have sent to England by Master Jones, some whereof were headed with
brass, others with harts' horn, and others with eagles' claws many more no doubt were
shot, for these we found were almost covered with leaves: yet by the especial providence
of God, none of them either hit or hurt us, though many came close by us, and on every
side of us, and some coats which hung up in our barricade, were shot through and
through. So after we had given God thanks for our deliverance, we took our shallop and
went on our journey, and called this place, The First Encounter.
Saturday and Sunday reasonable fair days. On this day came again the savage,
and brought with him five other tall proper men, they had every man a deer's skin on him,
and the principal of them had a wild cat's skin, or such like on the one arm; they had most
of them long hosen up to their groins, close made; and above their groins to their waist
another leather, they were altogether like the Irish-trousers; they are of complexion like
our English gypsies, no hair or very little on their faces, on their heads long hair to their
shoulders, only cut before some trussed up before with a feather, broad-wise, like a fan,
another a fox tail hanging out: these left (according to our charge given him before) their
bows and arrows a quarter of a mile from our town, we gave them entertainment as we
thought was fitting them, they did eat liberally of our English victuals, they made
semblance unto us of friendship and amity; they song and danced after their manner like
antics; they brought with them in a thing like a bow-case (which the principal of them
had about his waist) a little of their corn pounded to powder, which put to a little water,
they eat; he had a little tobacco in a bag, but none of them drunk but when he listed, some
of them had their faces painted black, from the forehead to the chin, four or five fingers
broad; others after other fashions, as they liked; they brought three or four skins, but we
would not truck with them at all that day, but wished them to bring more, and we would
truck for all, which they promised within a night or two, and would leave these behind
them, though we were not willing they should, and they brought us all our tools again
which were taken in the woods, in our men's absence, so because of the day we dismissed
them so soon as we could. But Samoset our first acquaintance, either was sick, or feigned
himself so, and would not go with them, and stayed with us till Wednesday morning: then
we sent him to them, to know the reason they came not according to their words, and we
gave him an hat, a pair of stockings and shoes, a shirt, and a piece of cloth to tie about his
waist.
The Sabbath day, when we sent them from us, we gave every one of them some
trifles, especially the principal of them, we carried them along with our arms to the place
where they left their bows and arrows, whereat they were amazed, and two of them began
to slink away, but that the other called them, when they took their arrows, we bade them
farewell, and they were glad, and so with many thanks given us they departed, with
promise they would come again.
The Westover Manuscripts:
Containing the History of the Dividing Line Betwixt Virginia and North Carolina;
A Journey to the Land of Eden, A. D. 1733; and A Progress to the Mines.
Written from 1728 to 1736, and Now First Published:
Byrd, William, 1674-1744
HISTORY
OF
THE DIVIDING LINE:
RUN IN THE YEAR 1728.
BEFORE I enter upon the journal of the line between Virginia and North Carolina, it will be necessary to clear the way to it, by showing how the other British colonies on the Main have, one after another, been carved out of Virginia, by grants from his majesty's royal predecessors. All that part of the northern American continent now under the dominion of the king of Great Britain, and stretching quite as far as the cape of Florida, went at first under the general name of Virginia.
The only distinction, in those early days, was, that all the coast to the southward of Chesapeake bay was called South Virginia, and all to the northward of it, North Virginia.
The first settlement of this fine country was owing to that great ornament of the British nation, sir Walter Raleigh, who obtained a grant thereof from queen Elizabeth of ever-glorious memory, by letters patent, dated March the 25th, 1584.
But whether that gentleman ever made a voyage thither himself is uncertain; because those who have favoured the public with an account of his life mention nothing of it. However, thus much may be depended on, that sir Walter invited sundry persons of distinction to share in his charter, and join their purses with his in the laudable project of fitting out a colony to Virginia.
Accordingly, two ships were sent away that very year, under the command of his good friends Amidas and Barlow, to take possession of the country in the name of his royal mistress, the queen of England.
These worthy commanders, for the advantage of the trade winds, shaped their course first to the Charibbe islands, thence stretching away by the gulf of Florida, dropped anchor not far from Roanoke inlet. They ventured ashore near that place upon an island now called Colleton island, where they set up the arms of England, and claimed the adjacent country in right of their sovereign lady, the queen; and this ceremony being duly performed, they kindly invited the neighbouring Indian to traffick with them.
These poor people at first approached the English with great caution, having heard much of the treachery of the Spaniards, and not knowing but these strangers might be as treacherous as they. But, at length, discovering a kind of good nature in their looks, they ventured to draw near, and barter their skins and furs for the bawbles and trinkets of the English.
These first adventurers made a very profitable voyage, raising at least a thousand per cent upon their cargo. Amongst other Indian commodities, they brought over some of that bewitching vegetable, tobacco.
…like true Englishmen, they built a church that cost no more than fifty pounds, and a tavern that cost five hundred. They had now made peace with the Indians, but there was one thing wanting to make that peace lasting. The natives could, by no means, persuade themselves that the English were heartily their friends, so long as they disdained to intermarry with them. And, in earnest, had the English consulted their own security and the good of the colony--had they intended either to civilize or convert these gentiles, they would have brought their stomachs to embrace this prudent alliance.
The Indians are generally tall and well-proportioned, which may make full amends for the darkness of their complexions. Add to this, that they are healthy and strong, with constitutions untainted by lewdness, and not enfeebled by luxury. Besides, morals and all considered, I cannot think the Indians were much greater heathens than the first adventurers, who, had they been good Christians, would have had the charity to take this only method of converting the natives to Christianity. For, after all that can be said, a sprightly lover is the most prevailing missionary that can be sent amongst these, or any other infidels. Besides, the poor Indians would have had less reason to complain that the English took away their land, if they had received it by way of portion with their daughters. Had such affinities been contracted in the beginning, how much bloodshed had been prevented, and how populous would the country have been, and, consequently, how considerable? Nor would the shade of the skin have been any reproach at this day; for if a Moor may be washed white in three generations, surely an Indian might have been blanched in two.
The French, for their parts, have not been so squeamish in Canada, who upon trial find abundance of attraction in the Indians. Their late grand monarch thought it not below even the dignity of a Frenchman to become one flesh with this people, and therefore ordered 100 livres for any of his subjects, man or woman, that would intermarry with a native.
By this piece of policy we find the French interest very much strengthened amongst the savages, and their religion, such as it is, propagated just as far as their love. And I heartily wish this well-concerted scheme does not hereafter give the French an advantage over his majesty's good subjects on the northern continent of America.
About the same time New England was pared off from Virginia by letters patent, bearing date April the 10th, 1608. Several gentlemen of the town and neighborhood of Plymouth obtained this grant, with the lord chief justice Popham at their head.
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